SPS Coral: A Comprehensive Guide for Reef Enthusiasts

SPS coral are the crown jewels of many reef tanks, prized for their intricate shapes, vibrant colours, and ability to create living underwater sculptures. However, they’re not for everyone. These corals demand attention to detail and a stable environment to thrive. If you’re ready to dive into the world of Small Polyp Stony corals this guide will provide everything you need to know—from understanding their unique traits to creating the perfect setup.

Understanding the Small Polyp Stony coral

SPS aren’t your average reef dwellers. Understanding what makes them special is the first step toward successfully keeping them in your tank.

What Are they?

SPS stands for Small Polyp Stony coral. These corals are characterised by their tiny polyps, which are far smaller than those of their Large Polyp Stony (LPS) counterparts. SPS coral build hard, calcium-based skeletons, which give them their rigid structure and stunning appearance.

What makes SPS particularly appealing is the wide variety of forms they take. Some grow into branching structures, while others form encrusting or plate-like shapes. Their intricate patterns and bold hues make them a favourite among serious reef keepers.

SPS Coral vs LPS Coral

Although both are stony corals, SPS and LPS corals have some clear differences.

• Polyps: SPS coral have tiny, almost microscopic polyps, whereas LPS coral have larger, fleshy polyps.
• Hardiness: LPS coral are generally more tolerant of changes in water conditions, making them easier for beginners. SPS coral, on the other hand, demand stable and pristine water.
• Appearance: While both types are attractive, LPS coral often have a more “meaty” look, while SPS coral showcase intricate, skeletal structures.
• Lighting and Flow: SPS coral need intense lighting and strong, variable water flow compared to their LPS cousins.

Popular Types of SPS Coral

If you’re new to SPS coral, it helps to know which species are commonly found in reef tanks. Here are three favourites:

• Acropora: Known for their rapid growth and diverse shapes, Acropora corals are a showstopper. They come in various forms, from branching to tabular and even bottlebrush-like structures.
• Montipora: These hardy SPS coral are versatile and come in encrusting, plating, and branching varieties. Their vibrant colours make them an excellent choice for beginners attempting SPS for the first time.
• Seriatopora (Bird’s Nest): With intricate, needle-like branches, Bird’s Nest coral live up to their name and add complex beauty to any reef tank. They’re slightly easier to care for than many Acropora species.

Setting Up the Ideal Environment for SPS Coral

Success with SPS starts with giving them the right environment. These corals don’t just survive—they thrive when conditions are optimal. Have a look at All About Our Systems

Essential Water Parameters for SPS Coral

Maintaining stable water chemistry is crucial. SPS rely on consistent and specific parameters. Here’s what to aim for:

• Temperature: 24.5-25.5°C for stability. Avoid rapid fluctuations.
• Salinity: 1.026 specific gravity.
• Alkalinity: 7-7.5 dKH to support skeleton growth.
• Calcium: 420-430 ppm to maintain their hard structures.
• Magnesium: 1250-1350 ppm for balanced water chemistry.
• Nitrates: Keep levels low to moderate (1-5 ppm) without stripping nutrients completely.

Importance of Proper Lighting

SPS coral depend on bright, intense lighting to thrive. They host microscopic algae called zooxanthellae that perform photosynthesis and provide energy. To support them, you’ll need high-quality lighting such as LED, T5, or metal halide fixtures.

Ensure the light spectrum includes blue wavelengths, as these promote coral health and colour. Position lights carefully, as too much can bleach the coral, while too little will starve them.

The Role of Water Flow

Small Polyp Stony coral demand strong, variable water flow. Without it, they can suffocate from debris buildup or fail to access nutrients in the water. Use wave makers or powerheads to mimic natural currents. Turbulent flow is ideal, as it prevents stagnation and evenly distributes nutrients and oxygen.

Maintaining and Caring for SPS Coral

Once you’ve established the right setup, regular maintenance is key to keeping your SPS coral in peak condition.

Feeding Requirements

SPS primarily rely on their symbiotic zooxanthellae for energy, but they can also benefit from supplemental feeding. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and coral-specific amino acids are excellent options. Feed sparingly to avoid fouling the water.

Preventing and Managing Coral Stress

SPS coral are sensitive to changes in their environment. Fluctuations in salinity can stress them, leading to tissue loss or bleaching. Regularly test your water and make adjustments slowly to avoid shocking your coral.

Advanced Tips for SPS Success

For those ready to level up, these advanced tips can help you master the art of SPS coral care.

Achieving Stable Water Chemistry

Stability is everything. Use automated dosing systems to maintain consistent levels of calcium, alkalinity, and magnesium. Regularly test your parameters to catch imbalances before they become a problem.

Experimenting with Coral Placement

SPS coral placement matters. Higher in the tank often means stronger light and flow—perfect for many SPS species. However, every tank and coral are different. Watch closely and move corals if you notice poor growth or fading colours.

Conclusion

SPS coral may be challenging, but they’re undeniably rewarding. Their vibrant colours, intricate patterns, and ability to transform a tank into a living masterpiece make them a worthy pursuit for any advanced reef enthusiast. By maintaining stable water parameters, offering proper lighting and flow, and staying committed to their care, you can enjoy the beauty of Small Polyp Stony coral in your own aquarium.

Whether you’re just starting out or refining your skills, the journey of keeping SPS coral is worth every effort. With patience and dedication, you’ll unlock the stunning potential of these captivating creatures.

Explore the five best SPS corals for beginners, according to reefbuilders. Permission has been granted to share their content here.

The Five Best SPS Corals For Beginners